The implementation phase is often when many projects encounter significant challenges as the plans and designs created during the planning stage are put into action in the real world. There are usually a number of different types of challenges that can arise during project implementation.
One of the most common challenges is unexpected issues or delays that arise due to lack of proper planning or risk assessment during prior phases. While planners aim to identify and plan for as many risks and potential problems as possible, the complex and unpredictable nature of real-world project work means there are almost always unforeseen barriers and difficulties that pop up. Things like construction delays, technical integration problems, vendor or supplier issues, changes to budget or scope, or other unplanned obstacles can seriously hamper progress if not properly managed. Not allocating enough contingency time or funds to handle unknown problems is a recipe for implementation difficulties.
Related to lack of thorough planning, another frequent challenge is delays or issues caused by a lack of clear communication or documentation from prior phases. If requirements, designs, plans and other key project documents are ambiguous, incomplete, out of date or just plain unclear, it makes the implementation work exponentially more difficult. Implementers need consistent access to accurate information to do their jobs properly. Breakdowns in communication between planning, design and implementation teams cause many avoidable problems.
Implementation challenges are also commonly found in project integration difficulties where separate project components, deliverables or workstreams fail to come together smoothly. Issues integrating new systems or technologies, bringing together work by separate vendors or contractors, ensuring consistency across multi-site rollouts, and other complex coordination problems during assembly and testing can sink implementation timelines. Thorough integration planning, clear requirements for interface specifications, pilot programs and sandboxes for proof of concept are important to catch flaws early.
Obtaining committed resources like people, equipment, materials or funding during implementation also presents challenges on many projects. Budget overruns, staffing problems and other resource constraints due to poor planning, unrealistic estimates or external factors like economic changes can seriously hamper deployment work. Sufficient resource slack and contingency reserves, procurement done in advance and proactive risk monitoring helps safeguard these types of risks.
User readiness and change management challenges also frequently arise during implementation. Issues training users, modernizing work practices, adapting to new systems or workflows and overcoming cultural resistance to change slow progress and productivity gains. Change not being managed as its own project workstream with proper communication, engagement and transition support programs often causes avoidable delay.
Additionally, implementation challenges can surface due to uncooperative stakeholders, cultural barriers between organizational groups or dysfunctional team dynamics that inhibit collaboration required. Addressing internal politics, aligning priorities across functions and building cohesion between multidisciplinary contributors through solid governance greatly eases deployment efforts.
While sometimes unavoidable, scope creep requested by stakeholders during implementation introduces ambiguity and rework increasing time and costs to completion if not stringently governed. “Perfect being the enemy of good”, ensuring a minimum viable product deployment is stabilized before considering major new enhancements avoids project prolongation issues.
While careful planning aims to reduce risks, the complex and unpredictable nature of real-world deployment work means challenges commonly emerge during the project implementation phase due to some combination of these common root causes including planning gaps, communication breakdowns, integration difficulties, resource constraints, change resistance, stakeholder issues and scope changes if not properly managed throughout project execution and closure phases. Thorough risk assessment and mitigation planning, oversight and governance are key success factors when putting plans into action.