Tag Archives: access

WHAT ARE SOME STRATEGIES FOR SECURING ACCESS TO RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR PRIMARY RESEARCH

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Gaining access to resources is often a crucial step in the research process, as primary research frequently relies on being able to observe phenomena firsthand, interact directly with human or animal subjects, gain entry to private or restricted areas, utilize specialized equipment or facilities, and view documents not otherwise publicly available. While access needs vary widely depending on the topic, methods, and goals of each research project, some generally applicable best practices can improve researchers’ chances of obtaining what they require.

First, thoroughly researching both the resources sought and the protocols/requirements for accessing them is essential. Make sure to understand precisely what is entailed in terms of permission levels, access limitations, qualifying criteria, regulations, confidentiality agreements, and any fees or costs involved. Consulting directly with those who control the resources can provide clarity on feasibility and any uncertainty in the proposal. Starting early allows maximum time for dialogue, troubleshooting obstacles, and iterative feedback/refinement of the access strategy.

Second, carefully crafting a formal written access request tailored to the specific situation is important. Provide compelling justification for why the resources are necessary, appropriate, and will be safely and responsibly utilized. Focus on how the proposed research aligns with and benefits the controlling entity’s interests, values, policies and any other priorities. Clearly communicate plans to respect subjects’ privacy, confidentiality of information obtained, security of physical spaces and digital data, as well as intellectual property considerations. Specifically address any perceived risks and propose effective mitigation approaches.

Third, it is wise to leverage personal and professional connections whenever feasible. Reaching out to acquaintances within the target institution, relevant professional associations or political circles can open doors more readily than an impersonal letter. The energy and enthusiasm of capable advocates elsewhere in one’s network elevates credibility. Meeting key decision makers in person, if permitted, allows forming a direct rapport and addressing concerns through dialogue. Following up afterwards to express appreciation for their consideration also fosters ongoing goodwill.

Fourth, consider offering something in exchange for the requested access, recognizing that altruism alone may not suffice given legal/ethical obligations and limited resources. Propose value-added collaboration like providing summary analyses, contributing subject-matter expertise, acknowledging the organization in publications or inviting them to related events. Volunteer unpaid services or even make a modest monetary donation commensurate with budget. Compromise and compromise creatively to achieve mutual benefit wherever possible.

Fifth, persist diplomatically if initial requests are denied. Request feedback on deficiencies and resubmit strengthened proposals addressing the issues raised. Suggest reasonable alternatives scopes, timeframes or supervision models that still serve research needs while accommodating constraints. Appeal decisions through approved processes if miscommunications or reconsideration could yield a different outcome. Know when to graciously accept “no” and redirect efforts productively rather than irritate decision makers with stubborn insistences.

Sixth, properly handle any access that is approved by fulfilling commitments to safeguard subjects, respect policies, share results, protect proprietary interests and more. Maintain open communication throughout and provide timely updates. Send heartfelt appreciation afterwards. Upheld integrity builds warranted confidence for future cooperation, while breaches jeopardize it for one’s self and others. Continually evaluate experiences for lessons applicable to subsequent requests as careers progress.

Gaining primary research access often mandates meticulous planning, optimizing known factors within one’s control while judiciously navigating social, regulatory and resource realities beyond. A balanced combination of diligence, interpersonal skills, compromise and perseverance within ethical bounds can overcome many barriers with patience and understanding on all sides. Proper stewardship of access then granted further enables valuable work for the benefit of scholarship and society.

HOW CAN POLICYMAKERS AND PROVIDERS ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES OF EQUITABLE ACCESS TO TELEHEALTH

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There are several significant challenges to ensuring equitable access to telehealth, especially for underserved groups. Policymakers and healthcare providers must take a multifaceted approach to overcoming these barriers.

One of the most immediate barriers is the digital divide in access to broadband internet and technologies like smartphones, laptops, and tablets needed to utilize telehealth services. According to the FCC, an estimated 21.3 million Americans still lack access to fixed broadband service at threshold speeds. Those without home internet access are disproportionately low-income individuals, residents of tribal lands, people of color, older adults, and those living in rural areas.

Policymakers should increase funding and incentives for expanding high-speed broadband infrastructure, especially in underserved rural and tribal communities. The recently passed Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act allocates $65 billion toward expanding broadband access across the country. Providers can work with community groups and patients to distribute free or low-cost tablets and mobile hotspots in areas without home internet access.

Lack of digital literacy remains a substantial barrier, as many individuals may not have the technical skills to operate telehealth platforms. Both policymakers and providers need to invest in digital skills training programs, offered either in-person or virtually, to help underserved groups learn how to use technologies like videoconferencing applications and patient portals. Community organizations like libraries can partner with healthcare entities to provide digital literacy classes and one-on-one technology assistance.

The affordability of Telehealth services and connectivity is another hurdle. While the infrastructure bill and some state policies have expanded access to affordable broadband internet plans for low-income households, data plans and connectivity costs can still prohibit regular telehealth use. Policymakers should consider expanding federal subsidy programs for health-related connectivity and mandate that telehealth services have no to low patient cost-sharing. Healthcare providers also need to offer flexible payment plans or work with community clinics to provide free telehealth access points for the uninsured.

Language and cultural barriers also marginalize many groups from equitable telehealth care. Both medical interpreters and culturally-competent health education materials must be made universally available. Policymakers should require and provider reimbursement programs should cover 24/7 access to qualified medical interpreters across all major languages, including ASL interpreters for deaf individuals. Healthcare entities must translate all telehealth informational materials and platforms into prevalent non-English languages and ensure culturally-tailored health messaging.

Privacy and security concerns could disproportionately deter underserved patients from engaging in telehealth. Policies like HIPAA and the Federal Trade Commission’s Telehealth rule help protect patient data privacy and security during virtual visits. More needs to be done to foster trust, especially among vulnerable groups. Providers must communicate clearly how they safeguard personal health information, obtain explicit patient consent, and provide multi-lingual privacy training. When developing new technologies, inclusive user-experience design and community oversight can help address privacy, automation bias and surveillance risk for marginalized populations.

Lack of access to sufficient broadband-enabled devices remains a hurdle for many. Beyond expanding low-cost options, providers should consider lending medical-grade tablets and laptops pre-loaded with telehealth applications for patient use, especially for those managing chronic illnesses requiring frequent care. Mobile health clinics equipped with telehealth capabilities could also travel to underserved communities to increase access points.

A comprehensive approach is needed involving coordinated efforts between policymakers, healthcare systems, community partners and patients themselves. By addressing barriers related to infrastructure, affordability, language, literacy, privacy and access to enabling devices – especially in marginalized groups – telehealth’s promise of expanded access to equitable care can be more fully realized. Ongoing community involvement and cultural competence will also be key to overcoming historical mistrust and building resilient virtual care models for underserved populations.

WHAT ARE SOME STRATEGIES FOR ENSURING EQUITABLE ACCESS TO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES FOR ALL COMMUNITIES

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Ensuring equitable access to autonomous vehicles (AVs) for all communities will require a concerted, multifaceted effort from both public and private stakeholders. Some key strategies include:

Transportation planning and infrastructure: Communities must prioritize accessibility in transportation planning to ensure AVs can meet the needs of all residents. Sidewalks, bike lanes, ADA-compliant bus stops, well-lit streets, and other infrastructure improvements will be necessary for AVs and mobility options to safely and conveniently serve every neighborhood. Targeted investment in underserved areas can help remedy historical inequities and normalize new technologies.

Affordability and business models: Upfront vehicle costs and fares/subscription fees must be reasonable for low-income individuals and families. Means-tested subsidy programs or income-based payment plans could expand affordability. Mobility as a service models bundling various options (transit, ride-hailing, bike/scooter share etc.) have potential if priced accessibly. Public-private partnerships may leverage existing transit to fill gaps.

Community partnerships and workforce development: Close collaboration between stakeholders will be vital. Community organizations understand local needs and can provide important input to private operators on service design, equitable pricing, and ways to build trust. Workforce training programs can prepare underrepresented groups for high-quality jobs in AV technology and mobility services.

Accessibility for persons with disabilities: AVs must be fully accessible and accommodating to serve the disabled community with dignity and respect. Vehicles should be wheelchair accessible, include assistive technologies like visual/audio alerts, and offer preferred routing/scheduling for medical appointments or accessibility needs. Clear guidelines and oversight can help ensure compliance.

Last-mile connections: First-last mile challenges present an opportunity if solutions leverage AVs strategically. Microtransit shuttles, dedicated pick-up/drop-off zones, and mobility hubs near transit can help riders in remote areas more easily access rail/buses. These “Feeder Networks” should thoughtfully integrate with existing transit to maximize the reach of mobility options for all.

Digital inclusion: Access to internet/mobile connectivity and basic digital literacy are prerequisites for using new mobility technologies but barriers still exist. Public access to WiFi, low-cost devices/plans, and education programs on platforms/payment systems can help bridge digital divides, especially for older adults or communities facing socioeconomic challenges.

Public education and input: Proactive community outreach through trusted local organizations and public meetings/workshops can raise awareness, gain valuable stakeholder input, and address concerns to build understanding and buy-in for AVs. Outreach should be culturally sensitive and provided through multiple languages. Clear communications on how/where to access services will help normalize their use.

Regulatory policies and oversight: Strong regulations and oversight are needed to enforce equitable service requirements, accessibility standards, data privacy protections, and community benefits like local hiring/training initiatives. Enforcement mechanisms and penalties for non-compliance should be established. Mandating equity impact assessments prior to deployment can surface issues proactively.

Equitable auto ownership: Pricing models and subsidies opening private ownership to more individuals could help ensure AVs don’t just serve those who can afford them while disregarding transportation equity. Car-sharing options where vehicles are stationed in underserved areas through partnerships could test first-last mile connection use cases.

Monitoring and improvements: Continual stakeholder feedback and data collection monitoring ridership patterns, complaints, accessibility incidents etc. will help identity gaps over time to further target resources and policy changes maintaining equitable access. New challenges are sure to emerge with advanced technology, requiring collaboration and flexibility.

A holistic, community-centered approach incorporating all levels of government, private industry, non-profits and public participation is crucial. Equity must be proactively designed into autonomous vehicle planning, systems and services from the start if they are to truly benefit everyone. Ongoing assessment and adaptation will also be important to iteratively remedy inequities and maximize new mobility technologies’ potential social value.

HOW CAN UNIVERSITIES ENSURE THAT ALL STUDENTS HAVE EQUITABLE ACCESS TO RESOURCES FOR THEIR CAPSTONE PROJECTS

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Universities have a responsibility to provide all students with equitable access to resources needed to complete their capstone projects successfully. This is important to ensure fair outcomes and that a student’s access to resources does not determine their capstone results or chances of graduation. There are several steps universities can take to help achieve equitable access.

First, universities must identify what key resources students may need to complete their capstone work and ensure accessibility for all. This includes researching access to technology, research materials, mentorship/advising support, and funding if applicable. Universities should conduct student surveys or speak with program advisors to get a full understanding of resource needs. They can then evaluate what barriers may exist for low-income students, first-generation students, students with disabilities or other groups. Additional resources may need to be provided or funding assistance given to remove barriers to access.

Universities also need transparent policies and communications around capstone resource availability. Program websites, orientation sessions, syllabi and other materials should clearly outline all resources students are entitled to use. This helps ensure all students are aware of options available. If additional assistance is needed, there should be clear guidance on how to request support. Requests should be evaluated fairly through an equitable process.

Another important step is securing necessary capstone resources. This means budgeting adequately each year to maintain stocked libraries with up-to-date research materials across all academic subjects. It requires investing in sufficient computer labs, software and technical support staff to meet student demands. Distance learning students need equitable access too, so online research databases and tech support are crucial. Funding also needs to be set aside each year for unforeseen capstone costs like research supplies, travel for fieldwork etc.

Universities must think creatively about leveraging existing campus resources as well. For example, work-study jobs or vacant TA positions could be used by students needing funding for capstone materials. Computer labs could be kept open extended hours when capstone deadlines near. Research libraries may purchase access to additional online journals/databases during peak capstone periods. Underutilized existing resources, if made easily accessible, can significantly improve equity.

Providing advising, mentoring and capstone support services is also important for equitable outcomes. Low-income or first-gen students in particular may need guidance navigating capstone requirements, identifying community partnerships, research protocols etc. Universities should ensure adequate advising staff are available during all stages of the capstone from project selection to completion. Students facing obstacles should have a direct point of contact for troubleshooting issues promptly.

Equitable access also means flexibility when unforeseen conflicts arise. Life events like illnesses, family emergencies or financial hardships could impact a student’s capstone progress and timeline. Universities need supportive policies allowing deadline extensions or leaves of absence if warranted. When students return, they should face no disadvantage catching up or completing the impacted capstone work.

Assessing resource needs and tracking capstone metrics is important too. Universities must collect feedback annually to check that prior year resource allocations aligned with actual student use. Success and dropout rates should also be analyzed by student demographics to check for inequities. Adjustments may be needed to continually improve access and outcomes over time. External program reviews would further strengthen resource strategies.

With dedicated planning and budgeting, clear policies, leveraging of existing assets creatively and ongoing assessment, universities can systematically work to establish equitable access to key capstone resources for all students. This helps ensure every student has a fair opportunity to complete their program capstone successfully, regardless of their individual background or life circumstances encountered along the way. Equitable access is an important component of higher education institutions fulfilling their mission of serving all students.

HOW CAN HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS ENSURE THAT PATIENTS HAVE ACCESS TO NECESSARY POST DISCHARGE SERVICES?

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Ensuring patients have access to necessary post-discharge services is critical for facilitating recovery and preventing readmissions. There are several strategies healthcare providers can utilize.

First, providers must conduct comprehensive discharge planning which assesses what services each patient will need after leaving the hospital such as medication management, wound care, physical therapy, skilled nursing, home health, etc. This planning should ideally begin on admission so there is sufficient time to coordinate everything. During the planning process, providers need to screen for any social determinants of health risks like food/housing insecurity which if unaddressed could negatively impact outcomes.

Second, providers need to verify that patients being discharged have all the necessary medical equipment, supplies, medications they require as well as instructions for how to use everything and who to contact with any questions or issues that arise. This often involves working with durable medical equipment companies, pharmacies, and home health agencies to ensure everything is in place and operational by the time patients leave.

Third, providers need to conduct patient education prior to discharge regarding their diagnosis, treatment plan, warning signs that should prompt contacting a provider, and how to self-manage their condition at home. This education often involves multimodal teaching methods like verbal and written instructions plus return demonstrations to evaluate comprehension. It is also important for education to involve family members or caregivers who will be assisting patients.

Fourth, providers need to make timely post-discharge follow up appointments with primary care providers or specialists, as appropriate, before patients leave the hospital. This involves direct scheduling of appointments which may require addressing any transportation barriers. Following up within 7-10 days of discharge has been shown to reduce readmissions. Additional interventions like transitional care clinics or in-home visits can help bridge the time until a follow up appointment occurs.

Fifth, providers need to leverage technology and community resources to support patients post-discharge. This includes ensuring patients enroll in remote monitoring programs if applicable for their condition and prescribed treatments which allow providers to keep tabs on vital signs and progress from a distance. It also means ensuring patients are aware of and connected to any applicable community-based support programs for things like Meals on Wheels, food banks, transportation assistance, adult day care, homemaking help, support groups, etc.

Sixth, providers need robust discharge communication with outpatient providers including primary care physicians and specialists. This involves sending timely and comprehensive discharge summaries that detail the hospitalization, procedures, treatments, changes to medications or treatments, follow up needs, and open clinical questions. Strong bidirectional communication helps outpatient providers take over care seamlessly and addresses any gaps preemptively.

Seventh, healthcare systems and institutions need to closely track metrics like 30-day readmission rates, ED visit rates, and patient/family experience surveys specifically focused on transitions of care in order to identify gaps, continually refine processes, and ensure accessibility of post-discharge services according to community need. This may require facilities partnering with community organizations, expanding existing programs, or piloting new initiatives based on data trends.

By implementing comprehensive discharge planning that begins early, verifying patients have necessary medical equipment and instructions, conducting proper patient/caregiver education, making timely follow up appointments, leveraging technology and community resources, sending robust communication to outpatient providers, and closely tracking post-acute outcomes – healthcare providers can significantly improve patients’ access to vital post-discharge services needed for recovery and meeting their goals of care. Coordinated, patient-centered planning from admit to well after discharge is key.