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HOW CAN STUDENTS ENSURE THAT THEIR CAPSTONE MOBILE APPLICATION PROJECT IS COMMERCIALLY VIABLE

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Perform market research to identify an actual need or problem. The first step is to research the market and identify an existing need, problem, or opportunity that customers are actually facing. Don’t just build something because you think it would be cool – make sure there is true customer demand for the type of solution you plan to provide. Some ways to do market research include:

Conducting user interviews and focus groups. Speak directly to potential customers and get their input on pain points, needs, and what they would find most valuable in an app.

Analyzing the app store. See what types of apps are popular in your category and how your app could be differentiated to fill a gap. Look at top apps and identify opportunities to outperform them.

Reviewing discussion forums and online communities. Pay attention to frequently discussed topics, problems mentioned, and questions asked to uncover potential solutions.

Evaluating industry and market trends. Understand where the market and technology is headed so your app can align and potentially get an early mover advantage.

Define a clear target customer persona and value proposition. Developing a specific customer persona involves defining the core demographic details, pain points, goals, behaviors, and characteristics of your ideal customers. Alongside this, clearly articulate how your app will specifically help solve customer problems and provide value in a way that competitors do not.

Consider business and monetization models early. Think about realistic business models like freemium, subscription, licensing, or advertising that could generate revenue from the app. Estimate customer acquisition costs and conversion rates to ensure your model provides a viable path to profitability.

Conduct competitive analysis and differentiation. Research similar apps in your category and identify both strengths to potentially replicate as well as weaknesses or gaps that provide an opportunity to out-innovate competitors. Define competitive advantages to position your app as the superior choice.

Emphasize key features and benefits throughout. Make sure each stage of development prioritizes and communicates the highest value features and how they precisely address customer needs better than others. Continually test assumptions and refine based on customer feedback.

Plan marketing strategy and channels. Having a marketing plan is crucial to attracting initial users and helps validate commercial potential. Determine strategies to leverage app stores, social media, influencers, PR, search ads, affiliates and other channels.

Create a business plan for financial projections. A business plan lays out the full vision, from market overview and strategy down to development plans, costs, target metrics, and multi-year financial projections like expenses, revenue streams, and profitability forecasts. Investors typically require a plan to vet viability.

Consider longer term growth and monetization flexibility. While the initial version should provide value, leave flexibility and space for future feature expansion, integrations with other platforms or apps, business model changes, and adapting to evolving markets over time.

Research legal and compliance issues. Creating legally binding terms of service, addressing privacy policies and data management issues, complying with laws around in-app purchases and subscriptions are crucial steps to mitigate risks and gain user trust. Address stakeholder concerns fully.

Iterate and refine based on testing and user feedback. Validate each stage of development by running user tests to uncover issues, gather feedback, and iterate the app to further address user needs. The goal is continuous improvement based on real customer interactions to maximize viability.

Consider exit strategies or scaling opportunities. Assessing how your app could potentially gain mainstream adoption, be acquired by a larger company, expand into new markets, or act as a platform for growth sets the stage for longer term success beyond just being a class project. Any path that shows potential for returns helps attract funding.

Taking the time to conduct rigorous customer research and market analysis combined with developing a clear strategic vision, value proposition, business model and monetization plans helps ensure a capstone mobile app project has tangible commercial potential that goes beyond functioning as just an academic proof of concept or prototype. Addressing viability considerations from the start also prepares students well for real-world entrepreneurial endeavors.

WHAT ARE SOME COMMON CHALLENGES THAT DEVELOPERS FACE WHEN BUILDING A SALES AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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Integration with Existing Systems
One of the biggest challenges is ensuring seamless integration with existing business systems that the new sales and inventory management system needs to interact with. This includes accounting/ERP systems, payment gateways, order management systems, CRM systems, shipping/logistics systems and more. the developer needs to map out all the touchpoints where data needs to be transferred in/out and ensure the appropriate APIs are built to facilitate this integration. Standards like SOAP and REST need to implemented correctly. Compatibility with various systems also introduces integration challenges.

Data Migration
Sales and inventory data is often accumulated over several years in legacy systems in various formats. Migrating all this historical data accurately to the new system introduced complexities. Developers need to analyze existing data structures, develop scripts to extract and transform data into the required formats for the new system. Data validation is required to identify and fix issues. Downtime for Users during migration also needs to be minimalized.

Reporting and Analytics
Managers expect detailed reports and KPIs around sales, inventory, costs, profitability from such a system. Developers need to understand reporting requirements upfront and design the new system accordingly to track all necessary data parameters to facilitate these reports. Integrating BI and analytics tools also requires skill. Dynamic report customizations often requested further complicate this challenge.

Scalability
As the business grows, the system needs to be able to handle higher volumes of transactions, users, products, warehouses etc. Developers need to architect the system ground-up using scalable technologies that can expand infrastructure easily as needed. Caching, load-balancing, clustering etc techniques are required to be implemented proactively.

Security
Sales/inventory data contains sensitive business and customer information. Developers need to follow security best practices and ensure the system is HIPAA compliant. Features like role-based access, authentication, encryption, activity logs needs to be incorporated. Risk of external and internal attacks also need mitigating through measures like regular vulnerability testing, upgrades etc.

Compatibility with Devices
Multiple users will access the system through an array of devices – desktops, laptops, tablets, mobiles. Developers needs to ensure responsive design standards are followed so UI renders well on any device. Touch/gesture optimizations may also be required for mobile apps. Offline functionality may needed to be supported on some mobile devices.

Third Party Applications
Inventory management often requires integration with third party applications like shipping carriers, purchase order systems etc. Each third party uses different standards for API calls, authentication etc. Developing integration with multiple such applications is a challenge. Compatibility issues also needs addressing as third parties occasionally upgrade APIs.

Agile Development
Frequent scope changes and enhancements are usual expectations from such business critical applications. Developers need to follow agile methodologies and build system modularly that allows steady iteration and changes without disrupting ongoing operations. Adaptable architectures and automated testing helps in this regard. User experience research also has to be continuous.

Budget and Time Constraints
Businesses will expect such projects to be delivered within set budget and timelines, but unanticipated complexities often cause overruns. Developers need to realistically assess timelines based on requirements, break work into sprints, prioritize features to be initially delivered while keeping flexibility for scope augmentation. Project management skills are imperative.

User Adoption
Even with excellent features, users may resist change and new systems. Convincing existing staff and educating them on system’s benefits become important. Developers need to focus on intuitive UI patterns, interactive help resources and guided workflows to aid quick user adoption and minimize support tickets. Change management planning can help transformation.

As seen above, developers need to account for various organizational, technical and operational complexities when building sales and inventory management systems. Adopting well researched architecture principles, modular design approaches, established development practices and constantly communicating with stakeholders help address many such challenges. Iterative delivery allows coping with unforeseen issues as well along the way.

WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF CAPSTONE PROJECTS THAT IT STUDENTS HAVE COMPLETED IN THE PAST

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Many IT students choose to develop software applications for their capstone projects. Some examples include:

Customer relationship management (CRM) software: One student developed a CRM platform that allowed small businesses to track customers, manage leads and sales, and get insights into purchasing trends. The application was built using Java and incorporated a MySQL database.

Inventory management system: Another student created a web-based inventory management system for a local hardware store. The system allowed employees to track inventory levels in real-time, generate restocking orders, and print barcoded labels for shelving. It was built with PHP and utilized both a MySQL database and barcode scanning hardware.

Expense tracking app: To help freelance consultants and small businesses better manage finances, one student designed a mobile expense tracking application. Developed natively for Android using Java, the app allowed users to scan or manually enter receipts which were then categorized and stored. It also generated expense reports that could be exported.

Campus transportation map: A transportation map of a large university was created by a student as a single page web application. Using the Google Maps API, the app incorporated an interactive campus map with icons indicating bus stops and routes. Users could get walking or driving directions between locations. It was built with JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

Some IT students also undertake infrastructure-based projects, such as:

Network overhaul: One capstone project involved completely redesigning the network infrastructure for a small school district. The student implemented a more robust wired and wireless network using Cisco routers and switches. They also set up a centralized Active Directory domain, migrated users and devices, and configured network security policies.

Hyperconverged storage solution: To improve storage performance and capacity for a manufacturing company, a student deployed a VMware vSAN hyperconverged infrastructure. This included procuring and installing new servers with local SSD caching, configuring the vSAN in a stretched cluster across locations, and migrating virtual machines from a legacy SAN.

Cloud migration: As part of a cloud migration strategy, another student worked with a nonprofit to move their on-premise virtual infrastructure to Amazon Web Services. This included installing and configuring AWS tools like EC2, VPC, RDS, and S3 then migrating VMs, database, file shares, and developing deployment pipelines in CodePipeline.

Some capstone projects also focus on new technologies, such as:

Blockchain record keeping app: To explore blockchain use cases, a student developed a proof-of-concept desktop application for securely tracking financial transactions on a private Ethereum network. The app was built with Electron and Solidity smart contracts.

Serverless website: As serverless computing gained momentum, one project involved creating a dynamic multi-page website completely utilizing AWS Lambda, API Gateway, DynamoDB, and S3. The serverless architecture eliminated the need to manage any infrastructure.

IoT smart home prototype: As a prototype smart home system, a student designed and built an IoT network connecting various sensors and actuators around a mock property. An Azure IoT Hub integrated door sensors, motion detectors, light bulbs, and more which could be controlled from a mobile app.

Information security is another popular area for capstone work, such as:

Penetration testing: Students have conducted authorized ethical hacks and security assessments of organizations, documenting vulnerabilities and providing recommendations. This involved using tools like Nmap, Nikto, Metasploit, Burp Suite, and more.

Data encryption application: To address HIPAA compliance, one project developed a desktop encryption utility for securing medical files on endpoint devices. It used the AES encryption standard and secure key storage.

Social engineering prevention: As part of an employee security awareness campaign, a student researched and prototyped various phishing simulation solutions using tailored email templates and tracking engagement. Reports helped identify risk areas.

The examples shared here represent just a sample of the diverse and innovative capstone projects undertaken by IT students. By developing real-world solutions, students gain valuable hands-on experience in domains like application development, systems administration, information security, and emerging technologies to apply toward their careers.

WHAT ARE SOME POTENTIAL CHALLENGES THAT COULD ARISE DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECYCLING PROGRAM

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One of the major challenges would be public education and outreach to increase participation. For a recycling program to be successful, residents need to understand what items can and cannot be recycled. They must be able to properly separate recyclables from trash. This requires a significant education campaign using various methods like flyers, website info, social media, workshops/seminars, and signs at drop-off centers. It may take time for behaviors and habits to change. Compliance may be low initially as people learn the new system. Extra resources will be needed for education upfront.

Sorting and processing recyclables also poses operational challenges. Older recycling facilities may not have the infrastructure to efficiently sort different types of materials. Mixed materials like plastic film or greasy pizza boxes can contaminate other items during sorting, lowering their value. Upgrades to material recovery facilities (MRFs) or new separate stream processing systems may be needed to handle modern residential streams. This requires large capital investments that increase program costs. Space may also be limited at MRFs in densely populated urban areas for processing higher volumes of recyclables.

Guaranteeing markets for collected materials is another obstacle. While curbside programs increase supply, global and domestic reprocessing industries may be unable to use all materials depending on short-term market conditions. When supply outpaces demand, stockpiles grow and recyclables risk being landfilled or incinerated. Programs must adapt quickly to shifts in banned/acceptable import materials from China. Developing local end-markets through partnerships with manufacturers requires long-term planning. Consistency in types/grades/volumes collected is critical for a stable customer base.

Staffing a new program presents human resource issues too. Drivers are needed for collection trucks, MRF employees for sorting, and administrative roles for coordination/education. Finding sufficiently trained workers may prove difficult, especially in tight labor markets. High employee turnover drives additional training costs and service disruptions. Competitive wages and benefits must be offered to attract/retain specialists. As the service expands, overtime or additional hiring may stretch existing payroll budgets. Proper occupational health and safety training/protocols are also essential at MRFs.

Addressing contamination is a major prerequisite and ongoing challenge. Even small amounts of non-recyclable plastics, food waste, diapers or other garbage in residential streams can render entire truckloads unmarketable. Educating residents on proper preparation requires intensive outreach. Enforcement like tagging contaminated carts or fines may help but anger participants and requires personnel. No matter how thorough the public education, some level of cross-contamination from improperly sorted materials will likely always occur. Repeated sorting of loads adds to expenses.

Resistance to change from some residents is predictable as well. Long-time habits are hard to break. People resent paying for another service, forgetting to participate or not believing in recycling’s benefits. In rural areas, drops sites or multi-family complexes, conveniences of curbside pickup may spark complaints. Specialized collection methods may be required, further raising costs. Balancing service levels with affordability challenges program funding. Subsidies or rate increases may meet political opposition. Buy-in improves over time with proven environmental and economic impact.

These challenges are not insurmountable but require serious planning, resources and long-term commitment. Pilot programs help uncover issues to address. Phased expansions allow learning from earlier rollouts. Collaboration between municipal, private and non-profit partners leverages diverse strengths. With adequate preparation and execution, a recycling program’s positive returns on investment in environmental, social and economic sustainability can outweigh growing pains over its lifetime. Ongoing measurement and flexibility to adapt help maximize diversion goals and community support in a changing domestic and global marketplace.

Public education, operational logistics, volatile commodity markets, workforce needs, contamination control and evolving public attitudes present some of the key issues that communities implementing recycling programs may encounter. Careful consideration of mitigation strategies is important during initial planning phases to help tackle and overcome challenges as the program develops.

CAN YOU PROVIDE SOME EXAMPLES OF CAPSTONE PROJECTS THAT PREVIOUS STUDENTS AT HUNTINGTON UNIVERSITY HAVE COMPLETED

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One popular type of capstone project for students in Huntington’s biology program is research-based projects where students design and conduct their own experiments investigating topics related to areas like cell biology, genetics, ecology or physiology. For example, one student investigated the effect of different light wavelengths on plant growth. She designed a controlled experiment growing the same type of plant under red, blue, green and full-spectrum LED lights, measuring factors like height, leaf and stem development over time. Her findings provided new insights into how specific light wavelengths can influence plant growth.

In the computer science department, many capstone projects involve developing software or web applications to solve real-world problems. One group created a web application for a local non-profit organization to better manage their volunteer roster and schedule shifts. The application allowed volunteers to sign up for tasks online, admins to track hours and see who was scheduled when. It streamlined their process and provided new analytics on volunteer participation. Another project involved developing a smartphone app for Huntington’s campus activities department. The app allowed students to view the schedule of upcoming campus events, get directions to event locations, and RSVP to attend. It enhanced communication and boosted attendance for campus activities.

In the exercise science program, many capstone projects take the form of original research studies. For example, one student investigated the effects of different post-workout nutrition options on muscle recovery following high-intensity interval training. She recruited volunteers from Huntington’s various athletic teams and had them follow specific nutrient plans after some intense workout sessions. Through metabolic analysis of muscle glycogen replenishment and questionnaires on soreness levels, she was able to determine which nutrients most effectively aided recovery. Her findings provided practical implications for athletes and trainers on optimizing recovery.

The nursing program encourages capstone projects that address real issues and needs within the local healthcare system. One group identified a gap in continuity of care for Alzheimer’s patients transitioning between facilities. They partnered with an area memory care facility and hospital to develop an electronic patient record system allowing smooth sharing of health details between locations. The tool reduced errors and stress on patients and families during transfers of care. Another nursing student conducted a community health needs assessment for Huntington’s local school corporation. Through surveys of students, families and teachers, they identified mental health and lack of nutrition education as primary concerns. Their report informed new wellness programs introduced at area schools.

The communication studies department often involves capstone projects that utilize student skills in public relations, advertising, journalism or film production. For example, one group developed a marketing campaign to increase tourism at a local state park that was facing declining visitor numbers. Their strategic campaign included promotional videos, print ads, social media content, and on-site activities they helped coordinate. Comprehensive analysis found their efforts directly contributed to a measurable increase in park visits over one summer. In another project, a student produced and directed a short documentary film profiling meaningful community organizations and volunteers in Huntington that have helped advance local welfare. The film aired on local access TV and helped spread awareness of their good work.

As these examples illustrate, capstone projects at Huntington University provide rich, hands-on experiences for students to conduct original research, develop solutions to practical problems, or generate other scholarly works that allow them to apply their classroom learning to real-world challenges. By designing their own distinctive capstone projects, students gain valuable skills in critical thinking, project management, communication and more that prepare them for workplace or graduate study success. The diversity of project types and partners with local businesses and organizations also demonstrates the commitment of Huntington students and faculty to enriching their surrounding community through engaged scholarship.