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WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF URBAN FARMING PROJECTS THAT HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL?

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One of the most well-known and successful urban farming projects is Brooklyn Grange located in New York City. Brooklyn Grange spans two rooftop farms, one in Long Island City and one in Brooklyn, totaling over 2.5 acres of hydroponic and soil-based greenhouse farming. They grow a wide variety of vegetables, herbs and flowers year-round. Brooklyn Grange uses sustainable practices like rainwater collection, soilless farming methods, and composting to maximize productivity in an urban environment. They are profitable and provide fresh, local produce to grocery stores, restaurants and direct to consumers through their Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program. Brooklyn Grange shows that large-scale commercial urban farming is viable even in a dense,expensive city like New York.

Another highly successful urban farming operation is FreshFarms in Newport News, Virginia. They operate a 40 acre rooftop greenhouse farm on top of a big box retailer. FreshFarms utilizes a Dutch-style greenhouse architecture with automated systems to carefully control the environment, lighting, irrigation and nutrients to crops. This precision growing allows them to produce exotic greens, herbs and vegetables all year long with several harvest cycles per week. FreshFarms distributes its produce locally as well as ships nationwide, proving urban controlled-environment agriculture can be done on a massive scale. They have expanded to several other major metropolitan areas showing the model can be replicated successfully elsewhere.

One great example of how urban farming positively impact communities is Growing Power located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded in 1993, Growing Power operates urban farms, greenhouses, and sells produce and provides job training. They pioneered techniques like aquaponics and have demonstrated highly productive year-round production in cities. In addition to fresh food, they sell fish and provide educational programs for thousands of youth and adults annually. Growing Power shows how urban agriculture can empower communities and be a platform for job skills and nutrition education. Under the leadership of Will Allen, Growing Power helped inspire a movement of hundreds of other urban farms across the United States.

In Seattle, Washington the local non-profit Food Connect operates several successful urban farms including the Beacon Food Forest. Food Connect runs a 1.5 acre organic farm on city owned land that uses permaculture principles to produce an abundance of fruits, nuts, berries and edible landscaping. All harvest is free for the public and contributes to food security in the city. They run extensive volunteer programs to educate the community and get more people engaged with urban agriculture. Food Connect also operates smaller pocket farms interspersed in the city, demonstrating how limited spaces can still productively grow food. Their model shows how public-private partnerships and permaculture techniques enable efficient urban food production in the temperate climate of Seattle.

One of the most innovative urban farming operations can be found in Singapore – a small, dense city-state. Sky Greens operates the world’s largest hydroponic indoor vertical farm, cultivating over 6,500 pounds of greens per day in a eight story 100,000 square foot facility. Using hydroponics, LED lighting and precise automated control systems, Sky Greens is able to grow an abundance of leafy greens with a 99% reduction in water usage compared to traditional agriculture. All production takes place within the urban confines of Singapore, using minimal land but high technology to maximum yields. Sky Greens supplies Singapore’s major grocery chains as well as exports to other Asian countries. It demonstrates how controlled environment agriculture can revolutionize urban food production internationally.

As urban populations continue to swell globally, these successful models show urban farming is a viable way to increase local food security, impart economic development opportunities and improve quality of life. When integrated into the urban fabric utilizing techniques like hydroponics, aquaponics, greenhouse production, permaculture and rooftop farming, cities have enormous potential to mass produce nutritious foods for their residents. The examples above prove that with entrepreneurial innovation and community partnerships, urban agriculture projects of varying scales have become staples around the world to feed our growing cities sustainably.

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE PRESENTATION FORMATS THAT CAPSTONE STUDENTS USE TO SHARE THEIR WORK?

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PowerPoint Presentation

A PowerPoint presentation is one of the most widely used formats by capstone students. PowerPoint allows students to clearly present their research, findings, conclusions and recommendations in a organized slide format. Some key aspects of a PowerPoint presentation include:

Using a minimalistic design with clear headings, bullet points and visuals/images to showcase main ideas. Typical PowerPoint presentations for capstone projects range from 15-30 slides.

Including an intro slide with the project title, student’s name and objectives. As well as a conclusion slide summarizing main takeaways.

Having slides to explain the background/problem statement, methodology, results/findings, discussion/analysis and proposed solutions or next steps.

Embedding charts, graphs, screenshots and other visual elements to break up text and help illustrate concepts or data trends.

Having a professional, easy to read font like Arial or Calibri in a large enough size like 28-34 points for titles and 24 points for body text.

Rehearsing the presentation and practicing public speaking skills to clearly convey the research in the allotted time, usually 15-25 minutes for a capstone presentation.

Poster Presentation

A poster presentation allows students to visually showcase their capstone work using a large format print out or digital display. Key aspects include:

Organizing content into clear sections using headings and subheadings to guide the viewer’s eyes across the poster in a logical flow.

Including the project title, student name and program/university clearly at the top along with objectives and brief introduction.

Using charts, graphs, photos appropriately to break up blocks of text and highlight important findings.

Employing a large font size around 36 points for headings and 28 points for body text so it’s easily readable from a distance.

Leaving proper margins and whitespace between sections for easy viewing. Posters are typically 3-4 feet wide by 4 feet tall.

Being available by the poster to explain aspects and answer questions as viewers stop to look over the displayed content.

Summarizing conclusions and next steps succinctly since viewers have less time to digest the information versus a longer presentation.

Video Presentation

Some students choose a video format to share their capstone work virtually or as a supplementary file to an in-person presentation. Features include:

Creating a 5-10 minute video to walk through the key elements – background, methods, findings, conclusions and recommendations.

Narrating over slides, visuals, charts to guide the audience through the content in a concise yet comprehensive manner.

Employing good videography and editing techniques like transitions, animated graphics/text to stay visually engaging.

Ensuring proper lighting, audio quality in the recording for a polished final product.

Producing the video with accessible, user-friendly programs like PowerPoint, Keynote, YouTube or Screencast-O-Matic.

Uploading the video file to a learning management system, video hosting site like YouTube for internal or public access.

Providing a video transcript or poster as a reference for viewers in addition to the multi-media file.

Research Paper/Report

For capstone projects requiring a substantial written component, students will produce an extensive research paper or report. Key elements include:

Crafting a 10-30+ page paper following formatting guidelines for research documents in the student’s field/program.

Employing an easy to follow structure with sections for introduction/literature review, methodology, findings/analysis, discussion and conclusion.

Integrating relevant research sources, literature, theories, frameworks as evidence to support claims and analysis.

Utilizing proper academic writing style with in-text citations and a comprehensive reference list.

Ensuring the content adheres to high standards of research quality, depth, rigor and original contribution to the topic.

Going through multiple drafts, reviews and proofreads to produce a well-polished final paper meeting capstone requirements.

Optionally presenting key highlights orally or through slides to augment the substantial written materials.

PowerPoint, posters, videos and research papers are common presentation formats used by capstone students to disseminate their applied research and findings. The format is often chosen based on the student’s field of study, project objectives and requirements set out by their academic institution. All options allow for clearly communicating the capstone work to stakeholders when implemented well.

WHAT ARE SOME POTENTIAL CHALLENGES THAT MAY ARISE DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM

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Lack of buy-in from school administrators and teachers: School engagement programs require support and involvement from teachers and administrators to be successful. They have to dedicate class time, provide guidance to students, and ensure program activities are properly integrated into the curriculum. With limited time and resources already, some may be resistant to take this on. It will be important to demonstrate how the program can benefit students and support broader school goals. Champions within the school need to help build understanding of the value it provides. Additional resources may need to be provided to offset the costs of teacher and staff involvement.

Student disengagement or absenteeism: Not all students will be naturally interested in extracurricular engagement activities. Some may resist participating or have barriers like transportation issues that prevent involvement. The program activities need to be varied, fun, and match student interests to boost participation. Leveraging student feedback can help design more appealing options. Mentors and teachers should actively promote the value to students and address specific absence causes case by case. Incentives or credits may motivate participation. Transportation assistance could help some families overcome accessibility barriers.

Lack of community partnerships: Strong local partnerships are integral for offering diverse engagement opportunities. Developing those relationships takes significant effort and coordination. Community buy-in must be garnered through outreach and advocating the mutual benefits of collaboration. Memorandums of understanding can formalize partnerships to provide long-term engagement pipelines and resources. Capacity building may be needed to help smaller groups support program activities. Funding streams could help incentivize non-traditional partners to participate. Overtime strong collaborative networks will form, but initial partnership development requires dedication.

Budget constraints: Developing, coordinating and sustaining a multifaceted engagement program requires substantial resources. Many schools have limited budgets already allocated. This requires securing long-term program funding from various sources to cover costs like staffing, materials, community collaboration and student incentives/supports. Pursuing grants, public/private partnerships, philanthropic gifts or reallocating certain school funds can help address budget gaps. Careful financial planning and periodic impact assessments are needed to prove the program merits continued investment over time. Cost-sharing models with community collaborators and maximizing existing school/community resources may enhance sustainability.

Measurement challenges: To continue receiving support, programs need to reliably demonstrate their impact on key outcomes like improved attendance, academic performance, school connectedness and pursuit of postsecondary options. Precisely measuring “engagement” across many interconnected services and determining the program’s degree of causation can be complex. A culture of data-driven evaluation needs to exist to collect robust feedback and track standardized metrics. Matching participants with non-participant students and qualitative research may supplement metrics. Spending adequate funding and resources on assessment will be vital for program improvements and proving results to stakeholders.

Ensuring equity and inclusion: For engagement programs to truly benefit all students, they must thoughtfully address equity barriers. This includes cultural relevance, disabilities access, supports for non-native language students or LGBTQ+ identities. Engaging diverse advisers, promoting inclusive values and continuously reviewing disparate impacts help build trust and participation across groups. Resources may need allocation to adapt programming and outreach for underserved communities. Staff training on implicit bias and cultural competence is important too. With care and community input, programs can achieve high impact while equitably including all identities.

Clearly, there are numerous challenges that could hinder the successful implementation of an engagement program in schools. With committed leadership, adequate funding support, data-driven evaluation practices, robust community collaboration, student-focused designs and dedicated efforts towards inclusion – programs can be established, improved and sustained to boost outcomes for all young people. Regular challenge-assessment and adaptation based on various perspectives ensure continued progress towards equity and high school engagement for every student.

WHAT ARE SOME COMMON CHALLENGES THAT STUDENTS FACE WHEN COMPLETING EXCEL CAPSTONE PROJECTS

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Time Management: Completing an Excel capstone project can be very time consuming as it requires researching a topic, collecting and analyzing large amounts of data, building complex formulas and functions, and presenting the results. Students have to balance their project work with other coursework and activities. Proper time management is key. Students should break the project down into steps and assign deadlines to each step. Creating a detailed schedule and sticking to it can help ensure the project gets finished on time.

Data Collection and Organization: Finding the right data set to analyze for the project topic can sometimes be difficult. The data also needs to be properly structured and organized in Excel for analysis. Students should plan their data collection early, have backup options if their first choice doesn’t work out, and develop a consistent naming and organization scheme in Excel. Organizing the data clearly from the start will save time later on when building formulas.

Excel Formula and Function Complexity: Some capstone projects require using advanced Excel functions and building complex formulas to analyze large data sets. This level of technical Excel skills can be challenging for students who are still learning. Students should leverage available resources like online tutorials, sample spreadsheets, and their professor for help with specific formulas. They can also break larger formulas down into multiple, simpler steps. Testing formulas extensively is important to catch any errors.

Presentation and Readability: The final output and presentation of the project results need to be clear, concise and easy for evaluators to understand. Large, complex spreadsheets can be difficult to read and interpret. Students should implement best practices like using consistent formatting, labeling all sheets and columns, including commentary/notes, developing graphs and dashboards to visualize results, and doing a final review from an evaluator’s perspective. Presentation skills matter for the final deliverable.

Timely Evaluation Feedback: Students benefit greatly from evaluation feedback on their project as it progresses in order to make adjustments and improvements. Busy professors may struggle to provide timely reviews of iterative drafts. Students should establish clear communication with their professor about feedback expectations and deadlines. Submitting initial scoping and outlines in advance allows the professor to provide top-level guidance upfront before deep work begins. Implementing checkpoints also helps regulate progress.

Limited Excel Expertise: Though spreadsheets are used heavily in many careers, advanced technical Excel skills like Power Pivot, Power Query and VBA coding are still new to many students. Their capstone projects may require mastery of abilities beyond their current knowledge level. Students need to identify gaps proactively and seek out supplemental self-learning like online courses. Breaking problems into incremental skill-building steps also helps acquire new Excel capabilities over time. Asking for specific, focused feedback on skills from professors is helpful.

Technical Difficulties: No technology project is immune from occasional glitches or errors that disrupt progress. Students may encounter issues like corrupted files, compatibility problems opening older spreadsheet versions, technological performance lags, software crashes or other technical hurdles. To prevent lost work, students should save versions frequently with incremental naming in multiple locations like cloud storage. Having solid troubleshooting skills and knowing when to ask an expert for help are important.

The key to overcoming these common challenges is thorough planning, establishing clear communication, breaking large projects into smaller pieces, maintaining organization, seeking help when needed, allowing extra time for issues that inevitably arise, and continual self-reflection on progress. With diligence and the right strategies, students can successfully complete rigorous Excel capstone assignments to demonstrate their skills. Achieving this level of technical proficiency and working independently through challenges is excellent preparation for real-world professional responsibilities.

HOW CAN STUDENTS ENSURE THAT THEIR CAPSTONE PROJECTS ARE UNIQUE AND INNOVATIVE

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Coming up with truly novel and innovative ideas can be challenging, but identifying a problem or gap that has not been addressed is a good starting point. Students should conduct thorough research on what has already been done in their field to better understand where opportunities may lie to make meaningful contributions. Reviewing recent scholarly papers, industry reports, and technologies can help uncover questions that remain unanswered or problems still in need of solutions. Speaking with professors, professionals in the field, and even users/stakeholders affected by the issue can provide fresh perspectives on needs and opportunities.

Once a potential focus area is identified, students should brainstorm as many creative and original ideas as possible for addressing it, without limiting their thinking. They can consider varying approaches, technologies, applications, users/groups, or any other dimensions that could lead to new types of interventions or applications of knowledge. During brainstorming, suspending judgment on the viability of ideas allows for the most innovative solutions to emerge. Students should document every idea, no matter how unrealistic it may seem initially, as these may inspire other more feasible concepts down the road. Consultation with mentors at this stage can also help challenge assumptions and conventional thinking that could inhibit true innovation.

Selecting an idea to pursue, students must evaluate each concept based on its potential level of novelty, impact, feasibility, and fit within the scope of a capstone project. Even incremental innovations that build meaningfully on prior work can make valuable contributions. Subject matter experts, intended users, and others outside the student’s field of study can provide outsider perspectives to identify which concepts seem most pioneering. Consulting relevant patents, publications or creative works done by others, especially very recently, also helps ensure the selected idea has not been done closely before.

In developing their selected concept, students should conduct additional research around cutting-edge approaches, technologies, and creative applications seen in other industries that may inspire new ways of addressing the defined problem if adapted or combined in novel configurations. They can also investigate related fields, communities, or cultures where different perspectives have led to innovation. Developing the project through iterative prototyping and testing helps uncover any incremental advancements or new applications that further strengthen its innovative qualities before completion.

Students are encouraged to think beyond traditional or expected types and formats for delivering their capstone work. Non-traditional forms of dissemination like interactive websites, mobile applications, video documentaries, works of art or design, performances and more could potentially convey the contributions or impact of their projects in more engaging and memorable ways. Unconventional presentation styles are more likely to leave lasting impressions on evaluation committees assessing the originality of the work.

Collaborating with students from other programs, involving community partners or users throughout the process, or tackling a interdisciplinary challenge that crosses normal boundaries are additional strategies to help infuse fresh perspectives that facilitate more innovative outcomes. presenting preliminary findings or works-in-progress to gather input and identify overlooked opportunities can also help strengthen the novelty of the final project. Proactively pursuing presentation opportunities can help generate interest and feedback to further develop the innovative qualities before the final assessment.

In summarizing and communicating the significance and innovative nature of their work, students must clearly articulate how their project addresses gaps, asks new questions, or presents original solutions not seen before to problems others have tried to tackle. Direct comparisons to prior related projects, along with evidence of the approaches, technologies, integrations or other aspects that differentiate the new work, will help convince evaluators of its contribution and uniqueness. Confidently owned innovative qualities that may not yet seem obviously impactful but expose new perspectives or have long term potential should also be advocated. With thorough consideration and effort, students can help ensure their capstone culminations stand out as truly novel and pioneering works.