Tag Archives: development

WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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Sustainable urban development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations by balancing social, economic and environmental factors. Here are some notable examples of projects that have implemented sustainable practices in developing country urban contexts:

Curitiba, Brazil is often cited as one of the earliest examples of sustainable urban planning. In the 1970s, Curitiba introduced a bus rapid transit system that prioritized pedestrian areas, integrated land use and transportation planning, and featured dedicated bus lanes and off-board fare collection. This reduced private vehicle use and congestion while improving mobility for residents. Curitiba has also implemented innovative recycling and greening programs. Overall, Curitiba showed other developing cities how compact, integrated development can enhance quality of life while protecting the environment.

In Chennai, India, One Rain Centre is a highly visible sustainable development project. Opened in 2010, it is a net zero energy building that serves as an educational centre highlighting Chennai’s water issues and solutions. Its eco-friendly design utilizes passive solar energy, daylighting, efficient HVAC and renewable energy like roof-top solar PV panels. Importantly, One Rain Centre has become a catalyst for greater awareness and policy change around integrated water management in Chennai.

Another Indian example is Lavasa, a new hill town developed near Pune by Lavasa Corporation. Planned from the start with sustainable principles, Lavasa features compact, mixed-use development to reduce car dependency and sprawl. Over 30% of the area was preserved as green space and wetlands. Buildings use energy-efficient designs and renewable power. Lavasa’s wastewater is recycled for non-potable uses. The project faced financial difficulties in recent years due to the global recession.

In 2009, the EcoMENA program supported the development of 15 sustainable neighborhoods across the Middle East and North Africa region. For instance, in Amman, Jordan a district called EcoPark Jordan was retrofitted with sustainable features like renewable energy, rainwater harvesting, ecological drainage, and native landscaping. Public spaces also got upgrades. By demonstrating green building techniques, EcoPark aimed to influence broader adoption of sustainability practices in Amman’s development.

Medellín, Colombia transformed its environment and social conditions through innovative urban redevelopment projects beginning in the 1990s. The city invested in its metro rail system, upgraded slum neighborhoods through infrastructure and amenities, and created new public spaces including libraries and parks. Medellín reduced violence and exclusion while improving mobility options. Its developments won international acclaim for applying sustainable solutions tailored closely to community needs.

In Egypt, the New Giza Governmental District project is establishing a new administrative capital 40 km west of Cairo. Launched in 2015, the ambitious development encompasses housing, work places and services across 170,000 acres for over 7 million residents. Among its sustainable goals are energy-efficient building codes, on-site renewable energy production, water recycling systems, ample parks and pedestrian infrastructure to encourage walking. The project’s scale presents opportunities as well as challenges to fully achieve its sustainability vision.

One of Africa’s most prominent green neighborhood projects is Konza TechnoCity in Kenya. Being constructed outside Nairobi, Konza TechnoCity will consist of a smart city focused on science, technology and innovation. Its design revolves around sustainability, governed by international LEED principles for walkable, mixed-use and energy-efficient development with natural stormwater management. Konza TechnoCity aims to advance Kenya’s economy and demonstrate that African cities can “leapfrog” patterns of unsustainable growth through innovation.

As the projects above illustrate, successful urban sustainability initiatives in developing countries adapt global best practices to local context through community-centered visions, investments that deliver both environmental and socioeconomic gains, and high visibility projects that promote replication. While challenges persist, many sustainable urban pilots demonstrate how well-planned development can improve lives while safeguarding the planet for future generations in resource-strapped environments.

WHICH COMPANIES ARE LEADING THE WAY IN SOLID STATE BATTERY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT?

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Toyota Motor Corporation – Toyota is one of the early pioneers in solid-state battery R&D. They established a pilot plant for solid-state battery production back in 2014. Since then, they have continued robust research efforts. In 2022, Toyota announced that they planned to start producing solid-state batteries by the mid-2020s. Their goal is to use solid-state batteries to extend EV ranges to around 500 km on a single charge. Solid-state technologies could also help reduce manufacturing costs over time.

Sakti3 – This Ann Arbor, Michigan-based startup was acquired by Dyson in 2015. Under Dyson, Sakti3 continued its work developing all-solid-state battery cells using a thin film lithium metal anode. In 2020, Dyson announced it would stop work on solid-state batteries, abruptly ending Sakti3’s research efforts and redirecting resources. However, Sakti3 pioneered some key principles in solid-state cell designs during its tenure.

Cymbet – Founded in 1996, Cymbet is one of the earliest companies focused exclusively on solid-state thin film battery technology. They developed a proprietary alloy used in the creation of thin film solid-state batteries. Cymbet produced some of the first commercially available solid-state microbatteries. While they haven’t produced larger battery packs yet, their work established foundational approaches.

Volkswagen – The German automaker established a new business unit called PowerCo in 2020 to focus on battery technology research among other areas. One particular priority is developing solid-state batteries both in-house and through partnerships. VW aims to introduce solid-state designs around the later half of this decade to improve battery performance metrics.

BMW – This luxury automaker has been researching next-gen batteries including solid-state varieties. In 2021, BMW partnered with solid-state battery startup Solid Power to co-develop production-oriented cells. Their goal is to incorporate solid-state designs into vehicles starting in 2025. BMW is taking a collaborative approach which could help accelerate the technology.

QuantumScape – Founded in 2010, this Silicon Valley company went public via SPAC merger in late 2020. QuantumScape is developing solid-state lithium metal batteries using a ceramic separator. Independent testing has shown promising results for the company’s prototype cells including increased energy density and improved safety. They plan to start production in 2024.

Solid Power – Based in Colorado, Solid Power is partnering with BMW and Ford to further develop its sulfide all-solid-state battery technology. The company believes its design could offer 50% more energy density than conventional lithium-ion batteries. Solid Power aims to scale up production and have pre-production cells ready by 2024.

LG Chem – The Korean battery giant established an energy solutions company called LG Energy Solution in 2020. They have an R&D division exploring solid-state technologies. LG aims to mass produce solid-state EV batteries by 2030 that could increase battery capacities by 30%. With significant existing manufacturing scale, LG is well-positioned for future commercialization.

CATL – China’s top battery supplier is also working on solid-state innovations. In 2021, they demonstrated a prototype solid-state battery pack and aims to start production around 2024-2025 pending further testing and optimization. CATL has the resources to scale solid-state rapidly depending on how their research progresses over the next few years.

Ionic Materials – Another US-based startup, Ionic Materials develops a proprietary solid polymer electrolyte material that could provide cost advantages over other solid-state approaches. Partners include Hyundai and Stellantis. Ionic aims to enable high-energy solid-state batteries by 2026 that exceed the performance of today’s lithium-ion packs.

As this overview shows, automakers and battery producers are aggressively pursuing solid-state technologies through both internal R&D and external partnerships. Early prototypes demonstrate the potential for significantly higher energy densities and greater safety. Several challenges around manufacturing processes and long-term cycling still need to be overcome before solid-state designs are ready for commercial vehicle applications. Major corporations are positioning themselves to be ready when the technology matures later this decade. Continued progress in 2022-2024 will become increasingly evident as more collaborative projects bear fruit.

CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT AND A MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

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Website development and mobile app development are both forms of software development, but there are some key differences between the two in terms of the process, technologies used, platforms targeted, and how users will interact with the end product.

A website development project involves building a website that will run in a browser on desktop and laptop computers. Websites are responsive these days and can adapt to different screen sizes like tablets, but the primary target is desktop/laptop browsing. Websites are accessed by entering a URL (domain name like www.example.com) in the browser address bar. The core technologies used in website development are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the front-end, with a back-end framework like PHP, Ruby on Rails, ASP.NET, Node.js, etc. to power dynamic functionality and database integration. Websites are not tied to any specific operating system and can be accessed from Windows, Mac, or Linux devices via a compatible browser.

A mobile app development project, on the other hand, aims to build a software application that will run natively on mobile platforms like Android or iOS. Mobile apps are downloaded from app stores like Google Play or the Apple App Store and installed onto a user’s phone or tablet. While mobile-responsive websites can deliver content to smaller screens, native mobile apps are tailor-made specifically for the constraints and advantages of those platforms and devices. The technologies used are different as well – for Android it involves Java/Kotlin and Android SDK tools, while iOS apps are built with Xcode and Swift/Objective-C along with Apple frameworks and APIs.

Some key differences between website and mobile app development:

Platforms targeted: Websites target browsers across desktop/laptop computers, while apps target specific mobile OS platforms like Android or iOS.

User experience: Apps are downloaded and feel like dedicated programs on the home screen, while websites require an internet connection and are accessed through the browser. Apps tend to feel snappier and more app-like.

Features: Apps have access to more device features like camera, GPS, notifications, etc. due to deeper platform integration. Websites have basic HTML/CSS/JS capabilities within the browser sandbox.

Technology stack: Websites use HTML/CSS/JS for front-end and a back-end framework, while apps utilize native mobile SDKs, languages, and platforms tailored to each OS.

Distribution and updates: Apps are distributed through centralized app stores and have defined update mechanisms, whereas websites have no centralized distribution and must be updated manually by surfing to the site or restarting the browser.

Development process: App development generally requires deeper platform-specific integrations, SDKs, coding in native languages like Java/Kotlin or Swift/Objective-C, testing on real devices. Websites can be developed primarily on any OS using simple web dev tools.

Monetization: Apps have access to app stores’ in-app purchase systems and paid app models, while websites rely on advertising, subscriptions, or ecommerce.

Discovery: Apps are subject to app store placement, search, trends, categories etc. Websites rely on organic search, social sharing, links from other sites for discovery.

Memory/storage footprint: Apps require installation which uses device storage, while websites have no persistent memory footprint beyond the browser cache.

Some projects may require both a website and mobile app to have a full-featured omni-channel presence across desktop and mobile devices. The development processes require expertise in different technologies, and a hybrid approach combining web views/responsive design with some native features may be preferable to full native mobile apps for lighter use cases. Proper planning and understanding the differences in target platforms, experiences, features, and costs is important in deciding whether to develop a website, mobile app, or both. Stakeholder requirements along with available time and budget will determine the best solution.

While both website and mobile app development are forms of software development, they differ significantly in terms of target platforms, features, development process, Technologies used, user experience, distribution models, monetization approaches, and how users will interact with the final product. Careful consideration of the business needs, target audiences and their context of use will determine which approach or combination of approaches is most suitable for any given project.

HOW DOES MICROSOFT ENSURE RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AI IN THE AI FOR GOOD PROGRAM

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Microsoft launched the AI for Good initiative in 2017 with the goal of using AI technology to help address some of humanity’s greatest challenges. As one of the leading developers of AI, Microsoft recognizes it has an important responsibility to ensure this powerful technology is developed and applied responsibly and for the benefit of all.

At the core of Microsoft’s approach is a commitment to developing AI using a human-centered design philosophy. This means all AI projects undertaken as part of AI for Good are guided by principles of transparency, fairness and accountability. Ethics reviews are integrated into the design, development and testing processes from the earliest stages to help identify and mitigate any risks or potential for harm, bias or unintended consequences.

A multi-disciplinary team of engineers, data scientists, sociologists and ethicists work closely together on all AI for Good initiatives. Their goal is to develop AI solutions that augment, rather than replace, human capabilities and decision making. Input from external experts and potential end users are also sought to shape the design of technology and address needs. For example, when developing AI for healthcare, Microsoft works with medical professionals, patients and advocacy groups to identify real challenges and ensure any tools developed are clinically valid and easy for non-technical people to understand and use safely.

Once an AI model or technology is developed, rigorous testing is conducted to evaluate its performance, accuracy, fairness and resilience. Data used to train models is also carefully analyzed to check for biases or gaps. Microsoft believes transparency into how its AI systems work is important for maintaining user trust. To help achieve this, explanations of model decisions are provided in non-technical language so users understand the rationale behind predictions or recommendations.

Microsoft further ensures responsible oversight of AI systems by integrating privacy and security measures from the start. Data use complies with regulations like GDPR and is only used for the specified purpose with user consent. Access to data and models is restricted and systems are designed to protect against attacks or attempts to manipulate outputs.

A cornerstone of Microsoft’s approach is ongoing monitoring of AI systems even after deployment. This allows Microsoft to continually evaluate performance for biases that may emerge over time due to changes in data or other factors. If issues are discovered, techniques like training data or model updates can be used to help address them. Microsoft is also investing in technology like Constitutional AI that can help evaluate systems for unfair treatment or harm, improving oversight capabilities over the long run.

Processes are in place for feedback mechanisms so end users, partners and oversight boards can report any concerns regarding an AI system to Microsoft for investigation. Concerns are taken seriously and dealt with transparently. If issues cannot be sufficiently addressed, systems may be taken offline until the problem is resolved.

To ensure AI for Good initiatives have measurable positive impact, key performance indicators are established during project planning. Regular progress reporting against goals keeps teams accountable. Microsoft also supports working with independent third parties to evaluate impact where appropriate using methods like randomized controlled trials.

Where possible, Microsoft aims to openly share learnings from AI for Good projects so others can benefit or build upon the work. Case studies, research papers and data are made available under open licenses when it does not compromise user privacy or intellectual property. Microsoft is also collaborating with partners across industry, civil society and government on issues like model card templates to help standardize ‘nutrition labels’ for AI and advance responsible innovation.

Microsoft brings a multi-faceted approach rooted in human-centric values to help ensure AI developed and applied through its AI for Good initiatives delivers real benefits to people and society in a way that is lawful, ethical and trustworthy. Through a focus on transparency, oversight, accountability and collaboration, Microsoft strives to serve as a leader in developing AI responsibility for the benefit of all. Ongoing efforts aim to help address important challenges through technology, while mitigating risk and avoiding potential downsides.

HOW CAN A SOCIAL WORK CAPSTONE PROJECT CONTRIBUTE TO A STUDENT’S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT?

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A capstone project is intended to be a culminating academic experience for social work students that incorporates and expands upon what they have learned throughout their education. Completing a well-designed capstone project can meaningfully contribute to a social work student’s professional development in several important ways.

The capstone project provides the opportunity for students to directly apply the theoretical knowledge and skills they have gained in the classroom to a real-world social service issue or setting. This allows students to develop a deeper practical understanding of how to address complex social problems and effectively work with diverse client populations. When students take on a substantive role in an agency-based capstone project, which involves creating and implementing an intervention, needs assessment, program evaluation, or other applied research project, they are immersed in an environment that mirrors professional social work practice. This experience gives students valuable hands-on learning that substantially enhances their clinical skills and preparation for entering the workforce.

The process of developing, implementing and presenting the capstone project fosters critical competencies for professional success. It requires independent research, collaborative work, project management, effective communication, and problem-solving abilities – skills that are directly transferable to professional responsibilities. For example, developing the project design and methodology advances the student’s research and analytical skills, while collaborating with field advisors to complete the project strengthens consultation and teamwork expertise. Presenting the capstone further builds presentation and dissemination skills through summarizing findings, implications, and proposed next steps for an audience. Masters students also learn valuable grant writing abilities if their project involves securing external funding.

An important part of professional development is self-assessment and reflection. The capstone process systematically guides students through reflection on their competencies, limitations, continuing educational needs and career goals. Incorporating self-evaluation activities throughout the project and in a culminating reflection paper enables students to identify strengths, areas for growth, and a professional development plan. This critical self-reflection is important for life-long learning as a practitioner. The capstone advisor also provides formative and summative feedback to help students recognize Their achievements and focus their professional growth.

Presenting the capstone at a conference or in another public forum gives invaluable experience communicating scholarship and applied work to peers and professionals in the field. This can bolster students’ confidence speaking about their work and help them network for career opportunities. Publishing or otherwise disseminating capstone findings expands students’ exposure and furthers their ability to contribute to the development of knowledge and practice.

A well-designed capstone also demonstrates to potential employers examples of the student’s initiative, work product and range of competencies achieved through their education. It serves as a portfolio piece showing leadership, applied skills and commitment to the profession’s values that employers seek. The solid experience gained through the capstone therefore meaningfully enhances students’ competitiveness and readiness for entry into professional social work roles.

The capstone project provides social work students with authentic practical application and skill-building that neatly bridges classroom learning and career preparation. By immersing students in responsibilities and processes parallel to professional work, a capstone fosters critical competencies applicable across settings and specialties. It also facilitates valuable self-assessment, advising, and demonstration of achievement to bolster professional development and employment prospects. When developed to fully incorporate theory into practice through an engaging experience, the capstone represents a signature opportunity for growth towards entering the field as a competent starting practitioner.